🌿 白芥 Sinapis alba / Brassica juncea
🥬 蔬菜 🧬 十字花科(甘蓝类)
白芥(蔬菜)的伴生植物:可一起种植的好邻居、相克的植物以及种植窍门。EkoHarita — Dünya varmış!
🌿 在互动表格中打开
好邻居 — 可一起种植
坏邻居 — 不宜相邻种植
有争议的邻居
种植与播种要点
📅 播种为冷季植物;早春和夏末/秋季播种。作为绿肥/生物熏蒸剂使用时,在开花前播种并翻入土壤。
🌱 深度0.5-1 cm
📏 间距采绿叶用10-15 cm;作覆盖/绿肥则密撒
🌞 光照全日照
💧 浇水中等;定期保湿(干旱时会提早开花)
🧺 收获绿叶30-60天;作覆盖作物则6-10周时刈割
🪴 土壤排水良好、肥沃、接近中性的土壤(pH约6.5-7.0)
⭐ 难度容易
🗓️ 季节春季/秋季
📅 日历以北半球为准;南半球请将播种时间推移约6个月。
💡 关键要点: 开花前刈割:此时生物熏蒸效果最强,也能避免它撒籽、次年自生杂株。把刈割下来的鲜芥菜翻入土壤后,在播种细小种子的蔬菜之前要等 2-3 周(化感作用会抑制发芽)。
🤝 伴生逻辑: 作为一种芸薹类(brassica),它能把跳甲和甘蓝害虫引向自身,是保护甘蓝类的强力诱集植物;但由于共享相同的害虫和病害(根肿病),不要种在甘蓝类的紧邻处/紧接其后。作为绿肥种在马铃薯之前能抑制土壤病害。让它远离茄科植物和草莓。
🔬 科学参考文献
- Michigan State University Extension (t.y.) Mustards – A Brassica Cover Crop for Michigan (E2956). Erişim adresi: https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/resources/pdfs/mustards_-_a_brassica_cover_crop_for_michigan_(e2956).pdf (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- University of Vermont Extension (t.y.) Mustard Cover Crops Offer Benefits Beyond Soil Health. Erişim adresi: https://blog.uvm.edu/cvcrops/mustard-cover-crops-offer-benefits-beyond-soil-health/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Oregon State University Extension Service (t.y.) Biofumigation Cover Crops: Enhancing Soil Health and Combating Pests (EM 9530). Erişim adresi: https://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/em-9530-biofumigation-cover-crops-enhancing-soil-health-combating-pests (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) (t.y.) Mustard Cover Crops as Biofumigants for Organic Strawberry Production (FNE15-817). Erişim adresi: https://projects.sare.org/sare_project/fne15-817/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Agronomy Journal (t.y.) Mustard Cover Crops for Biomass Production and Weed Suppression in the Great Lakes Region. doi:10.2134/agronj14.0461.
- Fedco Seeds (t.y.) Mustard. Erişim adresi: https://fedcoseeds.com/ogs/mustard-8070 (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).