🍓 草莓 Fragaria × ananassa
🍓 水果 🧬 蔷薇科
草莓（水果）的伴生植物：可一起种植的好邻居、相克的植物以及种植窍门。EkoHarita — Dünya varmış!
🌿 在互动表格中打开
好邻居 — 可一起种植
坏邻居 — 不宜相邻种植
种植与播种要点
📅 播种早熟品种用春季、延长季用秋季；以匍匐茎或幼苗方式栽植
🌱 深度冠部与土面齐平；根系埋入5-8 cm深
📏 间距25-35 cm（行距60-75 cm）
🌞 光照全日照
💧 浇水定期浇水；结果期最关键，最好不要淋到叶片
🧺 收获果实完全转红后，握住果柄轻轻采摘；未熟即采的草莓不会变甜
🪴 土壤微酸性（pH 5.5-6.5）、富含腐殖质、排水良好
⭐ 难度容易
🗓️ 季节春季 / 秋季
📅 日历以北半球为准；南半球请将播种时间推移约6个月。
💡 关键要点: 贴近地面生长的草莓容易腐烂；在果实下方铺稻草或草莓垫（覆盖物）。若同一畦在过去 4-5 年内种过番茄、马铃薯、辣椒或茄子，就不要种草莓；黄萎病菌会在土壤中长期存留。
🤝 伴生逻辑: 大蒜、洋葱和细香葱以浓烈气味驱赶红蜘蛛/蚜虫，并保护草莓免受灰霉病（Botrytis）侵害；琉璃苣能吸引传粉者和有益昆虫。让它远离甘蓝类（卷心菜、西兰花、抱子甘蓝、花椰菜、苤蓝）：彼此有生长抑制和养分/水分竞争。此外要避开茴香（化感作用）以及番茄、马铃薯、辣椒、茄子等茄科植物；它们会增加黄萎病风险。
🔬 科学参考文献
- Griffiths-Lee, J., Nicholls, E. ve Goulson, D. (2020) 'Companion planting to attract pollinators increases the yield and quality of strawberry fruit in gardens and allotments', Ecological Entomology, 45(5), s. 1025–1034. doi:10.1111/een.12880.
- Hoover, E.E., Klodd, A., Tepe, E.S. ve Foulk, D. (2024) Growing strawberries in the home garden. University of Minnesota Extension. Erişim adresi: https://extension.umn.edu/fruit/growing-strawberries-home-garden (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Traunfeld, J. (2024) Growing Strawberries in a Home Garden. University of Maryland Extension. Erişim adresi: https://extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-strawberries-home-garden (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Hughes, H., Ells, J.E., Schweitermann, G., Reich, J., Henson, Y. ve Carter, S. (2025) Strawberries for the Home Garden, Fact Sheet No. 7.000. Colorado State University Extension. Erişim adresi: https://extension.colostate.edu/topic-areas/yard-garden/strawberries-for-the-home-garden-7-000/ (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Oklahoma State University Extension (t.y.) Growing Strawberries in the Home Garden. Erişim adresi: https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/growing-strawberries-in-the-home-garden.html (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Royal Horticultural Society (t.y.) How to grow strawberries. Erişim adresi: https://www.rhs.org.uk/fruit/strawberries/grow-your-own (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- The Old Farmer's Almanac (t.y.) Strawberries: Planting, Growing, and Harvesting Strawberries at Home. Erişim adresi: https://www.almanac.com/plant/strawberries (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- West Coast Seeds (t.y.) Companion Planting. Erişim adresi: https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/wcs-academy/companion-planting (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Riotte, L. (1998) Carrots Love Tomatoes: Secrets of Companion Planting for Successful Gardening. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing.
- Polat, M. (2008) 'Ankara (Ayaş) Koşullarında Organik Çilek Yetiştiriciliği', Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3). doi:10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001031.
- T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (t.y.) Çilek. Erişim adresi: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/GKGM/Belgeler/Uretici_Bilgi_Kosesi/Dokumanlar/cilek.pdf (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (t.y.) Organik Çilek Yetiştiriciliği. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Yalova. Erişim adresi: https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/yalovabahce/Belgeler/Yayinlar/103-organik.cilek.pdf (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).