🌿 葛缕子 Carum carvi
🌿 香草 🧬 伞形科
葛缕子（香草）的伴生植物：可一起种植的好邻居、相克的植物以及种植窍门。EkoHarita — Dünya varmış!
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好邻居 — 可一起种植
坏邻居 — 不宜相邻种植
种植与播种要点
📅 播种春季土壤回暖后（3-4 月）直接播于土壤，深 1-2 cm；为二年生植物，第一年长叶，第二年结籽
🌱 深度1-2 cm
📏 间距20-25 cm
🌞 光照全日照
💧 浇水中等；土壤干燥时浇水，不可积水
🧺 收获在第二年的夏末（7月-8月）种子变褐时采收
🪴 土壤透气、中等肥力、微含石灰质的土壤
⭐ 难度中等
🗓️ 季节春季
📅 日历以北半球为准；南半球请将播种时间推移约6个月。
💡 关键要点: 葛缕子是二年生，需要耐心；种子一变褐就要采收，否则会脱落。它第二年开花时能吸引寄生蜂和瓢虫等有益昆虫，因此种在遭蚜虫侵害的豌豆/草莓以及遭毛虫侵害的十字花科（卷心菜）附近，可实现天然害虫防治。
🤝 伴生逻辑: 与豌豆（id 3）、马铃薯（id 51）和草莓（id 10）相处融洽。它第二年开花时能吸引寄生蜂、食蚜蝇和瓢虫等有益昆虫，自然抑制侵害豌豆/草莓的蚜虫，以及附近卷心菜（id 39）等十字花科上的毛虫和蚜虫。不要种在茴香（id 57）旁边：它的化感物质会妨碍周围植物生长，而且因属同科，若抽薹则异花授粉会破坏种子风味。若打算采种，也要把莳萝（id 13）和胡萝卜（id 25）等其他伞形科植物种在另一块单独区域。
🔬 科学参考文献
- North Carolina State Extension (t.y.) Caraway - Carum carvi. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Erişim adresi: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/carum-carvi/common-name/caraway/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Royal Horticultural Society (t.y.) Carum carvi (caraway). Erişim adresi: https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/3148/carum-carvi/details (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- University of Maryland Extension (t.y.) Caraway. Erişim adresi: https://extension.umd.edu/resource/caraway (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- University of Illinois Extension (t.y.) Caraway. Erişim adresi: https://extension.illinois.edu/herbs/caraway (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- West Coast Seeds (t.y.) How to Grow Caraway from Seed. Erişim adresi: https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/wcs-academy/how-to-grow-caraway (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Schiller, N. (t.y.) How to Plant and Grow Caraway Plants. Gardener's Path. Erişim adresi: https://gardenerspath.com/plants/herbs/grow-caraway/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Harvest to Table (t.y.) How to Plant, Grow, and Harvest Caraway. Erişim adresi: https://harvesttotable.com/how_to_grow_caraway/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- The Old Farmer's Almanac (t.y.) Companion Planting with Herbs: What to Plant Together. Erişim adresi: https://www.almanac.com/content/companion-planting-herbs (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Marcinkevičienė, A., Rudinskienė, A., Velička, R., Kosteckas, R. ve Kriaučiūnienė, Z. (2021) 'Weed Spread and Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Crop Productivity in a Multi-Cropping System', Agronomy, 11(6), 1172. doi:10.3390/agronomy11061172.
- European Medicines Agency, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) (2015) Herbal medicine: summary for the public – Caraway fruit, Carum carvi L., fructus (EMA/HMPC/410984/2006). Erişim adresi: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-summary/caraway-fruit-summary-public_en.pdf (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Kimyon Olarak Bilinen Bitki Türleri ve Değerlendirmesi (derleme makale) (t.y.) DergiPark. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/5346804 (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Türkiye İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu (TİTCK) (2022) Carum carvi L. (Frenk Kimyonu). Erişim adresi: https://titck.gov.tr/storage/Archive/2022/dynamicModulesAttachment/CarumcarviL._616d7fe8-fd45-489c-a557-9f9adbc90d4e.pdf (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).