🥔 马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum
🥬 蔬菜 🧬 茄科
马铃薯（蔬菜）的伴生植物：可一起种植的好邻居、相克的植物以及种植窍门。EkoHarita — Dünya varmış!
🌿 在互动表格中打开
好邻居 — 可一起种植
坏邻居 — 不宜相邻种植
有争议的邻居
种植与播种要点
📅 播种3 月底把带芽的种薯深植 10 cm，芽眼朝上
🌱 深度10-15 cm
📏 间距30-35 cm（行距60-70 cm）
🌞 光照全日照
💧 浇水块茎开始形成时定期浇水；水分胁迫会使块茎开裂
🧺 收获叶片开始变黄时采收；趁天气晴朗时挖出并晾干几小时
🪴 土壤疏松、深厚、富含有机质、排水良好的土壤；微酸性pH 5.0-6.5（如有疮痂病/scab问题，把pH控制在约5.2及以下、4.8-5.5区间可抑制该病）
⭐ 难度容易
🗓️ 季节春季/夏季
📅 日历以北半球为准；南半球请将播种时间推移约6个月。
💡 关键要点: 嫩芽长到15-20 cm时，向茎基培土堆高（hilling）；这能防止薯块变绿并提高产量。轮作：同一地块每3年才再种一次；不要紧接番茄/茄子等茄科（nightshade）之后种植。
🤝 伴生逻辑: 与豆类、玉米、万寿菊和辣根通常是好朋友；而对于同科的茄子和番茄，以及黄瓜、南瓜和覆盆子，多数资料建议彼此隔开（疫病/相同害虫风险）。在洋葱和花椰菜上资料相互矛盾（说法不一）。
🔬 科学参考文献
- University of Minnesota Extension (2026) Growing potatoes in home gardens. Erisim adresi: https://extension.umn.edu/vegetables/growing-potatoes (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- University of Illinois Extension (t.y.) Potato (Solanum tuberosum) – Hort Answers. Erisim adresi: https://web.extension.illinois.edu/hortanswers/plantdetail.cfm?PlantID=589&PlantTypeID=9 (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Utah State University Extension (t.y.) Potatoes in the Garden. Erisim adresi: https://extension.usu.edu/yardandgarden/research/potatoes-in-the-garden (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- University of Maryland Extension (t.y.) Growing Potatoes in a Home Garden. Erisim adresi: https://extension.umd.edu/resource/growing-potatoes-home-garden (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Royal Horticultural Society (t.y.) Solanum tuberosum (potato). Erisim adresi: https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/106242/solanum-tuberosum-potato-irish-potato/details (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- North Carolina State Extension (t.y.) Solanum tuberosum – Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Erisim adresi: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/solanum-tuberosum/ (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- West Virginia University Extension (t.y.) Companion Planting. Erisim adresi: https://extension.wvu.edu/lawn-gardening-pests/gardening/garden-management/companion-planting (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- West Coast Seeds (t.y.) Companion Planting – WCS Academy. Erisim adresi: https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/wcs-academy/companion-planting (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Chadfield, V.G.A., Hartley, S.E. ve Redeker, K.R. (2022) 'Associational resistance through intercropping reduces yield losses to soil-borne pests and diseases', New Phytologist, 235(6), s. 2393-2405. doi:10.1111/nph.18302
- Ozdemir, M. ve Arslanoglu, F. (2021) 'Samsun Ekolojik Kosullarinda Bazi Patates Cesitlerinin Yumru Verimi ve Kalite Ozelliklerinin Belirlenmesi', Uluslararasi Tarim ve Yaban Hayati Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), s. 286-296. doi:10.24180/ijaws.913315
- Mustafa Kemal Universitesi Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi (t.y.) Sozlesmeli patates yetistiriciligi sisteminin ureticiler acisindan degerlendirilmesi: Tomarza ilcesi ornegi. Erisim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mkutbd/article/1429618 (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Montana State University Extension (t.y.) Potato Growing Guide. Erisim adresi: https://www.montana.edu/extension/valley/potatoguide.html (Erisim: 15 Haziran 2026).