🌾 小麦 Triticum aestivum
🌾 谷物 🧬 禾本科
小麦（谷物）的伴生植物：可一起种植的好邻居、相克的植物以及种植窍门。EkoHarita — Dünya varmış!
🌿 在互动表格中打开
好邻居 — 可一起种植
坏邻居 — 不宜相邻种植
有争议的邻居
种植与播种要点
📅 播种冬小麦于秋季、春小麦于早春直接撒于土壤并翻入
🌱 深度3-5 cm
📏 间距条带式播种；行距15-20 cm
🌞 光照全日照
💧 浇水低至中等；发芽和抽穗期最为关键，成熟期则宜干燥天气
🧺 收获麦穗变黄、像麦秆一样干燥时（含水量降到14%以下）收割
🪴 土壤深厚、中等肥力、排水良好；在重黏土中生长不良
⭐ 难度中等
🗓️ 季节春季 / 秋季 / 冬季
📅 日历以北半球为准；南半球请将播种时间推移约6个月。
💡 关键要点: 在小菜园里作为覆盖作物/绿肥使用很实用；与豆科（野豌豆、三叶草）一起种的冬小麦能改良土壤结构和氮素并抑制杂草。播种密度若按 kg/m² 计算不准，产量会下降。
🤝 伴生逻辑: 西洋蓍草和万寿菊有益处：两者都能吸引谷物蚜虫的天敌（寄生蜂、瓢虫、食蚜蝇）。在中国田间同行评审的试验中，与大蒜套种能减少谷物蚜虫（Sitobion avenae）并增加天敌和产量。让它远离马铃薯：共同的金针虫（wireworm）风险高。注：万寿菊（Tagetes）抑制线虫的作用主要在它作为上一季覆盖/轮作作物栽培时才有效；与作物同时套种（intercrop）时作用有限。
🔬 科学参考文献
- North Carolina State University Extension (t.y.) Triticum aestivum (Wheat, Winter Wheat). NC Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Erişim adresi: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triticum-aestivum/ (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- SARE Outreach (2007) 'Winter Wheat', Managing Cover Crops Profitably. 3. baskı. Erişim adresi: https://www.sare.org/publications/managing-cover-crops-profitably/nonlegume-cover-crops/winter-wheat/ (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Bongard, P., Oelke, E. ve Simmons, S. (2021) Spring wheat growth and development guide. University of Minnesota Extension. Erişim adresi: https://extension.umn.edu/growing-small-grains/spring-wheat-growth-and-development-guide (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- University of Minnesota Extension (t.y.) Growing small grains. Erişim adresi: https://extension.umn.edu/small-grains/growing-small-grains (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Tripathi, S.C., Venkatesh, K., Meena, R.P., Chander, S. ve Singh, G.P. (2021) 'Sustainable intensification of maize and wheat cropping system through pulse intercropping', Scientific Reports, 11, 18805. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98179-2.
- Kammoun, B., Journet, E.-P., Justes, E. ve Bedoussac, L. (2021) 'Cultivar grain yield in durum wheat-grain legume intercrops could be estimated from sole crop yields and interspecific interaction index', Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 733705. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.733705.
- Thompson, A. (2024) How to plant, grow, and care for wheat. Epic Gardening. Erişim adresi: https://www.epicgardening.com/growing-wheat/ (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Riotte, L. (1998) Carrots Love Tomatoes: Secrets of Companion Planting for Successful Gardening. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing.
- T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü (t.y.) Ekmeklik Buğday. Erişim adresi: https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tarlabitkileri/Menu/108/Ekmeklik-Bugday (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Süzer, S. (t.y.) Buğday Tarımı. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Edirne. Erişim adresi: https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/ttae/Sayfalar/Detay.aspx?SayfaId=69 (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- Tarfin (2023) Buğday yetiştiriciliği nasıl yapılır? Erişim adresi: https://tarfin.com/blog/bugday-yetistiriciligi-nasil-yapilir (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension (2016) Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) evapotranspiration (crop water use) and crop coefficients (EC3005). Erişim adresi: https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/ec3005/winter-wheat-triticum-aestivum-l-evapotranspiration-crop-water-use-and-crop-coefficients-ec3005 (Erişim: 12 Haziran 2026).