🥬 鸦葱 Scorzonera hispanica
🥬 蔬菜 🧬 菊科
鸦葱（蔬菜）的伴生植物：可一起种植的好邻居、相克的植物以及种植窍门。EkoHarita — Dünya varmış!
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好邻居 — 可一起种植
坏邻居 — 不宜相邻种植
此类别下暂无记录的邻居。
种植与播种要点
📅 播种春季（3-4 月）或秋季（8-9 月）直接播于土壤；必须使用新鲜种子
🌱 深度1-1.5 cm（建议约0.5-1 cm；不要超过约1.5 cm）
📏 间距株距10-15 cm（间苗后），行距25-45 cm
🌞 光照全日照
💧 浇水定期但适度浇水；为防根腐应避免过湿
🧺 收获当年秋季（播种后约120-150天）采收，或让根留在土中越冬、于次年早春采收；经霜后味道更甜。若把根留到第二年会木质化变硬（植株第2年开花）。
🪴 土壤深厚、疏松、无石块、中等肥力的砂壤土
⭐ 难度中等
🗓️ 季节春季/秋季
📅 日历以北半球为准；南半球请将播种时间推移约6个月。
💡 关键要点: 种子发芽缓慢且率低；务必使用新鲜（当年生产）的种子。由于根扎得深，要避开多石或板结的土壤。
🤝 伴生逻辑: 与胡萝卜、韭葱、洋葱和生菜相处良好（葱属能驱赶胡萝卜根蝇；生菜可作快速地被/抢收作物）。可种萝卜来标记发芽慢的行。豆类固氮，是好邻居。万寿菊和西洋蓍草能驱赶害虫。让它远离重肥的玉米；与马铃薯、卷心菜等重肥植物间作时要谨慎，因为各方资料相互矛盾。
🔬 科学参考文献
- Moser, J.M.H. ve Drost, D. (2020) How to Grow Black Salsify in Your Garden. Utah State University Extension. Erişim adresi: https://extension.usu.edu/yardandgarden/research/black-salsify-in-the-garden (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Stephens, J.M. (t.y.) Scorzonera—Scorzonera hispanica L. (HS664). University of Florida IFAS Extension (EDIS). Erişim adresi: https://www.growables.org/informationVeg/documents/Scorzonera.pdf (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Oregon State University, College of Agricultural Sciences (t.y.) Salsify and Scorzonera. Oregon Vegetables. Erişim adresi: https://horticulture.oregonstate.edu/oregon-vegetables/salsify-and-scorzonera-0 (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Royal Horticultural Society (t.y.) How to Grow Salsify (RHS GYO Guide). Erişim adresi: https://www.rhs.org.uk/vegetables/salsify/grow-your-own (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Royal Horticultural Society (t.y.) Scorzonera hispanica (scorzonera). Erişim adresi: https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/105527/scorzonera-hispanica/details (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Bonsall, W. (2013) 'Salsify and Its Many Uses', The Maine Organic Farmer & Gardener, Kış 2013-2014. Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association (MOFGA). Erişim adresi: https://www.mofga.org/resources/vegetables/growing-salsify/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Albert, S. (t.y.) How to Plant, Grow, and Harvest Salsify and Scorzonera. Harvest to Table. Erişim adresi: https://harvesttotable.com/how_to_grow_salsify/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Grant, A. (t.y.) What Is Scorzonera Root: How To Grow Black Salsify Plants. Gardening Know How. Erişim adresi: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/salsify/black-salsify-plants.htm (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- GrowVeg (t.y.) Scorzonera Growing Guide. Erişim adresi: https://www.growveg.co.uk/plants/uk-and-europe/how-to-grow-scorzonera/ (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Ak, G. ve Zengin, G. (2021) 'Üç Scorzonera L. Taksonunun Toprak Üstü ve Kök Kısımlarının Yağ Asidi Profillerinin Değerlendirilmesi', Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi, 10(1), s. 166-170. doi:10.46810/tdfd.850558.
- Lendzion, K., Gornowicz, A., Strawa, J.W., Bielawska, K., Czarnomysy, R., Popławska, B., Bielawski, K., Tomczyk, M., Miltyk, W. ve Bielawska, A. (2022) 'LC-PDA-MS and GC-MS Analysis of Scorzonera hispanica Seeds and Their Effects on Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(19), 11584. doi:10.3390/ijms231911584.
- Dogadan Derman (t.y.) İskorçina Kökü (Scorzonera hispanica). Erişim adresi: https://www.dogadanderman.com/makaleler/iskorcina-koku.html (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).