🌼 洋甘菊 Matricaria chamomilla
🌸 花卉与益植 🧬 菊科
洋甘菊（花卉与益植）的伴生植物：可一起种植的好邻居、相克的植物以及种植窍门。EkoHarita — Dünya varmış!
🌿 在互动表格中打开
好邻居 — 可一起种植
坏邻居 — 不宜相邻种植
此类别下暂无记录的邻居。
种植与播种要点
📅 播种3-4 月内细播（种子极小，不要搅拌）；留在表面并轻轻压实
🌱 深度极薄覆土：把种子撒于表面并轻轻压实（洋甘菊发芽需光，勿厚覆）；若一定要覆土，最多约0.5 cm。
📏 间距15-20 cm（West Coast Seeds建议10-15 cm，RHS建议15 cm；德国洋甘菊分枝较多，故20 cm的上限可以接受）
🌞 光照全日照（炎热气候下能耐午后轻微遮阴）
💧 浇水少；在排水良好的土壤中少量浇水即可
🧺 收获播种后约8-10周开花；花朵完全开放时（花瓣尚未向后翻卷前）采摘，最好选在干燥的天气（West Coast Seeds：在完全开放时采摘）。
🪴 土壤疏松、砂土与园土混合、排水良好；土壤过肥则分枝多、开花少
⭐ 难度容易
🗓️ 季节春季/夏季
📅 日历以北半球为准；南半球请将播种时间推移约6个月。
💡 关键要点: 会自播；一旦种下每年都会长出。可作为花园里天然的药铺，种在卷心菜和花椰菜旁。
🤝 伴生逻辑: 在十字花科（甘蓝、西兰花、花椰菜、抱子甘蓝）旁，它以浓郁的气味掩盖吸引甘蓝害虫的香气，并通过招引食蚜蝇/寄生蜂来抑制食叶毛虫；它能促进洋葱、大蒜、韭葱等葱属作物的风味与生长；在黄瓜、番茄和马铃薯上，以抗真菌作用减轻疫病/霉病。把修剪下的茎留在土壤上可补充钾/钙/镁。与薄荷同种存在争议：部分资料认为相容，但要谨慎，因为薄荷靠匍匐茎迅速蔓延，可能压制洋甘菊（薄荷最好种在盆里）。
🔬 科学参考文献
- Royal Horticultural Society (t.y.) How to Grow Chamomile. Erişim adresi: https://www.rhs.org.uk/herbs/chamomile/grow-your-own (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- North Carolina State Extension (t.y.) Matricaria chamomilla. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Erişim adresi: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/matricaria-chamomilla (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- University of Georgia Extension (t.y.) Chamomile. Keep Bartow Beautiful. Erişim adresi: https://site.extension.uga.edu/kbb/?p=1154 (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- West Coast Seeds (t.y.) How to Grow Chamomile (Mayweed). Erişim adresi: https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/wcs-academy/grow-chamomile (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Johnny's Selected Seeds (t.y.) Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) - Key Growing Information. Erişim adresi: https://www.johnnyseeds.com/growers-library/herbs/chamomile/chamomile-key-growing-information.html (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- The Old Farmer's Almanac (t.y.) How to Grow Chamomile: Seeding, Growing & Harvesting. Erişim adresi: https://www.almanac.com/plant/chamomile (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- The Old Farmer's Almanac (t.y.) Companion Planting Chart (Free Printable, Research-Based). Erişim adresi: https://www.almanac.com/companion-planting-guide-vegetables (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Chauhan, R., Singh, S., Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Kumari, A., Rathore, S., Kumar, R. ve Singh, S. (2021) 'A Comprehensive Review on Biology, Genetic Improvement, Agro and Process Technology of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)', Plants, 11(1), Makale 29. doi:10.3390/plants11010029.
- Ghareeb, Y.E., Soliman, S.S., Ismail, T.A., Hassan, M.A., Abdelkader, M.A., Abdel Latef, A.A.H., Al-Khayri, J.M., ALshamrani, S.M., Safhi, F.A., Awad, M.F., Abd El-Moneim, D. ve Hassanin, A.A. (2022) 'Improvement of German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) for Mechanical Harvesting, High Flower Yield and Essential Oil Content Using Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis', Plants, 11(21), Makale 2940. doi:10.3390/plants11212940.
- Arslan, D. (2019) 'Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde Aktarlarda Satılan Papatya Türlerinin Tespitine Yönelik Bir Araştırma', Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(2), s. 53-58. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tarbitderg/article/659962 (Erişim: 15 Haziran 2026).
- Doğan, M., Sedetaltun, Y., Odabaşıoğlu, C. ve Odabaşıoğlu, M.İ. (2021) 'Şanlıurfa İli Çevresinde Yetişen Papatya (Matricaria chamomilla (L.)) Türlerinde Enzim Miktar Tayini', Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(2), s. 345-350. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.845112.